走环保之路是企业可以作出的选择，不论企业的大或者小。

实力强的企业只要采取了这样的策略，就可以去实施。

那么小的，底子薄的企业，所以没有经济实力，但也希望选择走绿色之路，它们应该怎么办？政府会给它们支持吗？它们可以因此得到银行的贷款吗？

能说说，在中国小企业应该如何从经济支持方面来改善环境管理。

你对西方国家在这方面的了解情况是怎么样的？或者说，西方国家是如何从政府政策上来支持企业的绿色行为？

Environmental protection should be a feasible option for companies, no matter they are big or small.

Powerful enterprises may go about implementing what they adopt. But for the small and weak ones, what should they do if they too want to pursue a green road to growth? Will they get support from the government? Will they be eligible for loans from the bank?

Can you talk a little bit from the financial support point of view about how the small businesses in China can actually improve their environmental management practices?

What do you know about the situation in western countries? or, how do they support the green movement of their enterprises with government policies?

大企业和小企业因为处于不同的发展阶段，因而会面临不同的发展命题。可持续发展对他们的挑战是共同的，不同的只是处理的方式。大公司掌握着大量资源，甚至可以主导市场定价权，他们可以摆出高姿态，投入人力物力搞研发。在这方面，小企业不能相比。但是小企业同样有小企业的出路，比如说，他们不能搞研发，但是他们可以引进技术；小企业不能主宰市场，却可以很迅速调整生产策略。这些都是大企业所不具备的优势。

至于贷款的问题，小企业融资难，这是中国的普遍问题，与可持续发展并没有直接的关系。在这种情况，小企业只能拓展其它融资渠道。其实，一些国际机构和中国政府的合作项目是可以提供一定的技术援助，有时候这些援助是免费的。

我觉得问题的关键还是在于企业家的眼光。他们不是看不到问题，而是看不到解决问题的“另类”思路。找到这条另类的道路，小企业就能够突出重围。

郭沛源

Due to large enterprise and small enterprise are situated at different development stage, as such will be facing distinct development fate. They have the same point of view for the challenge of continuous development; the only dispute is how they are going to deal with it. Those big companies would grasp numerous resources, even able to control the value decision right of the capital market; they could pull rank which involves manpower as well as facilities to carry out R&D. Small enterprise will not be able to compete in this aspect. However, they do have their own way out, for instance they don’t have ability to conduct R&D, but they could introduce technology; they are unable to control the value decision right of the capital market, but could adjust the production strategy rapidly. All these superior situations are not equipped by big enterprise. On the issue regarding loan, small enterprise would have problem to raise capital, it is a general problem in China, and there is not direct relationship with continuous development. In such circumstances, small enterprise can only explore in another way to raise capital. In fact, those joint venture projects between some of the international organization with China’s government could provide certain technical assistance; sometimes these technical assistances are free of charge. I found that the crucial problem is still the vision from investor. It is not due to they are not realize of the problem, but they are actually couldn’t find an alternative to resolve problem. Once the resolution has been decided, those small enterprise will be able to proceed further. Guo Pei Yuan

在中国引入环境污染的责任保险制度是否会有助于问题的解决？

Is it helpful for China to introduce insurance for companies and manufactureres against environment pollution?

谢谢2号评论的答复。你的回答很有启发式。但我认为，环境保护对一个国家来说，不仅是个人，企业个体的意识和行为问题，很多时候还是一个国家政策引导和鼓励的结果。

Thanks for the reply from No.2. Your reply gives me lots of inspiration. But I think environment protection is, for a country, not only about the consciousness and action of individuals or companies,but sometimes related to guidances and encouragement from government policies.

郭沛源专家关于眼光的说法很有道理，但是我也觉得４号评论员的回复也很有道理。

个人认为，中国的中小型企业的确需要大大提高环境意识。但是在利益的驱使下，国家又没有明确的政策来引导和鼓励，它们恐怕不会费心来寻求解决环保的“另类”方法。大多数中小型私人企业都是政府检察员前脚走它们后脚就照排不误。而地方政府大多因为地方的经济发展而对此睁只眼闭只眼。

而且您所说的国际机构和中国政府的合作项目对于多数中小型私人企业甚至一些国有企业来说都是闻所未闻，或者置之不闻。信息的闭塞和制度的不健全是主要因素。

请教作者，我们应该怎样应对这种情况的出现呢？

What expert Guo Feiyuan said about vision is very true, yet I think that the reply given by the author of comment #4 is very true as well. Both think that China's medium- and small-scale enterprises need to greatly increase their environmental awareness. Yet driven by profit, China still has no clearly defined policies to lead and encourage such awareness. They fear they cannot take the trouble to pursue "extraordinary" ways of resolving environmental conservation issues. The majority of medium- and small-scale private enterprises have government regulators fast on their heels calculating their every mistake. Yet due to local economic development, the majority of local authorities turn a blind eye to environmental policy. As for the collaborative projects between international organizations and the Chinese government, the majority of medium- and small-scale enterprises, and even some state-owned enterprises, either seldom hear of them, or pay them no attention. The main factors to explain this are the inaccessibility of such news, as well as the structural shortcomings of the system. Dear author, how should we deal with these circumstances?

评论3 提到的环境保险其实是非常重要的一种金融产品。但是，前提是政府要有所作为，也就是说，政府要有处罚企业排污的威慑力，这一方面包括定价是否准确地问题，另外一方面也设计执行的问题。如果定价过低，企业愿意交钱排污，如果定价过高，企业会铤而走险；即使定价合适，如果执行不力，威慑力也很弱。

在美国，环境保险是很重要的一种财产保险，尤其是能够帮助企业锁定环境风险。追溯历史，促成这一险种诞生的原因是美国的超级基金法案。这个法案规定了企业的环境责任，及对这一责任的追偿。因此才促使环境保险的产生。

我觉得环境保险在中国会很有前景。

对于评论5，我认为形势在不断变化。如果环境真的到了不得不治的境地，政府的压力必然会增加。环评风暴算是此类事件的代表。

同时，在一个成熟的公民社会，除了政府以外，消费者、民间团体的声音也会很有震撼力。随着信息披露和沟通的简易化，企业遭遇的压力必然越来越大。晚一天行动不如早一天行动。

当然，很多企业未必有这样的眼光。

Comment 3 has mentioned that environmental insurance is actually a very important financial product. However, active involvement of government is the prerequisite, that is to say, government must pose real threat to those polluting companies in terms of penalty. On the one hand, it is related to the accuracy of pricing; on the other, it is about the design and implementation. If the price is set too low, companies will pay to pollute; If it is set too high, they will choose to take the risks; even if the price is set on an appropriate level, the power of government would still hinges on effective implementation.

In the States, environmental insurance is one of the important property insurances, especially in the sense of helping companies to lock their environmental risks. Back into history, the reason for its birth is the Federal Superfund Act in America. The Act has named the environmental responsibility of companies and the corresponding compensation, thus giving rise to environmental insurance products.

I think environmental insurance has a promising future in China.

As for comment 5, I think the circumstances are changing all the time. If the environment is deteriorating to extreme, government will definitely increase their pressures. The storm of environmental critiques is an example.

At the meantime, a mature civil society should have more than the government. Consumers and NGOs should also have their voices heard, and in an effective manner. With the improvements in information disclosure and the efficiency of communication, companies will face more and more pressures. Act, and the early the better.

But of course, not all the companies share this vision.