中国的农民在大量使用农膜、化肥、农药和除草剂等来提高土地生产力以获得短期利益。蒋高明警告说,中国须重视可持续农耕的发展来确保农产品的质量和耕地的保护。
Short-term profit motives have led China’s farmers to use polluting plastics, chemical fertilisers and herbicides in abandon. The country needs sustainable farming to preserve the quality of its food – and its land, writes Jiang Gaoming.
参与讨论 COMMENTS
农膜做为一种技术根本没有错,错的是我们的使用方式。我们需要的提升的是农膜使用后的处理技术,更简便的,提升农民的自我耕地保护意识。我在日本,发达国家的人民自我意识强,地上扔的垃圾别人都会拣起来。农膜被乱扔,塑料垃圾被乱扔,是科学家的错吗?你好好用一个塑料袋,能用几次?十次?二十次?每个塑料带更多的循环使用,更多的集中处理,能有白色污染吗?每个人都随便使用,全世界的人都变科学家,也治理不好这个问题,人的问题,是政治家的事情话说回来,这农膜并不是太难讲解了,而是太容易坏了,农民本来赚钱少,如果农膜能好好的多次使用,农民会乱扔吗?
“农膜是自然界根本不存在的东西,哪里有什么微生物愿意“吃”它们?”,这句话更可笑,生物降解的机理不用我来解释。要找一个保温保湿又能生物降解的膜,并不是难事,难的是如何降低成本。
Lichen
As a technological product, plastic membrane should not be blamed. Instead, it is the way we use causing the problems.
What we need to do is to help farmers know how to deal with used plastic membrane. The simplest way is to help increase farmers' awareness of land protection.
I am now in Japan. People in developed countries have strong self-awareness, say a person will pick up the rubbish littered by somebody else.
Used plastic membrane and plastic bags are scattered randomly in China. Should scientists be blamed for this phenomenon?
A plastic bag could be used for 20 times it is used in a proper way. Is it possible for the "white pollution" to prevail if centralized recycling of plastic membrane and bags is on an increase.
If everyone just uses plastic products in a free-and-easy attitude and without any sense of recycling, the white pollution problem could be not resolved even all people in the world become scentists.
Human issue belongs to political category.
If plastic membrane could be used for several times, do you think peasants will easily throw them away.
In the article, Pro. Jiang said: "plastic membrane is not something that can be dealt with by the natural world." This is unreasonable opinion and thus laughable. As you know, it is not difficult to get heat- and damp-preserving, degradable plastic. The difficulty is how to reduce the cost for the product. Lichen
有趣的评论,Lichen, 但是我不太同意。“农膜没有错,错的是我们的使用方式。”这让我想起美国的亲枪议员们经常挂在嘴上的那句“枪不会杀人,是人杀人。”...恕我直言,我觉得两者同样存在谬误。毕竟,如果可以生产生物可降解的塑料,或使用更可持续的材料,为什么不呢?越来越多的发达国家已经开始意识到在减少塑料使用量的问题上意识培养收效有限,削减塑料垃圾的最佳方案就是一禁了事:毕竟,塑料袋是耗费自然资源、耗费能量生产创造出的垃圾,会让海洋生物消亡,让陆地垃圾激增。为什么在农用塑料问题上干脆用同样方法解决呢?
An interesting comment Lichen, but I find myself disagreeing.
"Plastic membrane should not be blamed. Instead, it is the way we use causing the problems."
This reminds me of the "guns don't kill people, people do" argument that is so often used by the pro-gun lobby in the US... and with all due respect, I think it is equally fallacious. After all, if biodegradable plastic can be manufactured, or more sustainable materials can be used, why should they not be?
More and more places in the developed world have been realising that the impact of awareness-raising is limited in reducing plastic use, and the best option to reduce plastic waste is simply to ban plastic bags outright: after all, the bags use up natural resources, consume energy to make, create litter, choke marine life and add to landfill waste.
Why not simply do the same with plastic used for agricultural purposes?
蒋教授,您好!看过您写的这篇文章后,对您的这种忧国忧民的责任心肃然起敬。因为我们这几年也一致力为于解决“白色污染”,尤其是为如何消除地膜污染而努力,因此对目前的地膜污染深有同感。 不过,蒋教授,我要告诉您一个好消息,英国WELLS塑料公司已经成功研发了一种“神奇”的含氧-完全生物降解添加剂,可以使塑料制品在完成其使用寿命后12-24个月之内完全降解成水和二氧化碳,而且不会对土壤和动植物造成毒害,可以从根本上解决“白色污染”。我们可以不用再为地膜污染而烦恼了!
从06年开始,我们就开始在咱们中国推广这种技术。目前在地膜方面,山东青岛,潍坊,苍山等地区,还有新疆兵团已经开始试用。该技术的先进之处不仅是其可以给塑料带来完全生物降解的特性,而且可以通过调整添加剂的配方和添加比例,根据农作物的生长周期设定降解时间。
另外,由于其加工方法和加工条件,设备等与添加其他母料比如色母料相同,而且无需增加很多成本,因此深深受地膜加工厂和老百姓的欢迎。
我们现在还在采集各地的实验数据,希望我们能够一起把这项先进的生物降解技术在中国推广,为保护耕地和环境做出贡献。
Diana Zeng
(MSN:qdkiwi@hotmail.com)
Hello, Prof. Jiang! After reading your article, I'm very grateful that you have such a responsible attitude towards national and public issues. I share your concerns for the current pollution caused by plastic menbrane, because we've been working on the "white pollution" problem for years and have paid special attention to the mitigation of plastic pollution.
However, Prof. Jiang, I have a piece of good news for you. A British plastic company called WELLS has already developed a "magic" additive with oxygen included which is fully biodegradable. It can turn plastics into water and carbon dioxide fully, within 12-24 hours after the expiration of their validity, causing no harm to the soil, plants and animals, thus fundamentally resolving the issue of "white pollution". We can stop worrying about membrane pollution from now on!
Since the year 2006, we have started the application of this technology in China. In case of membrane, currently, it has been used in Shandong (Qingdao, Weifang, Cangshan, etc.) and in a military settlement in Xinjiang. The advantages of this technology include not only the introduction of full biodegradability, but also the control of its timing by changing the portion of different ingredients in its formula.
Furthermore, it is also a technology that welcomed by plastic processing factories and the general public, for it requires absolutely the same processing methods, conditions, equipment, etc. as that of adding other masterbatches like colour masterbatch, and it requires no big increase in costs.
We are still collecting data from experiments in different places. Hopefully we can work together to promote this advanced biodegradable technology in China, making contributions to the protection of farmland and the environment.
Diana Zeng (MSN: qdkiwi@hotmail.com)
用禁止来解决问题,永远是最有效,也是最愚蠢的方式。污染如同洪水,应用导不用堵。同样用枪支也比较,你禁来枪支,还有刀剑,你禁了刀剑,还有石头,你可以收缴人类的武器,却不能抚平人心的仇恨。
我在为塑料袋辩护,同样也是在为科技进步辩护。我们提倡环境主义,不是提倡回归原始社会。
Lichen
Using prohibitions has always been the most effective, but also the most foolish way of handling a problem. Pollution is much like a flood: what starts as necessity becomes unstoppable. The same for example, goes for distribution of guns. If you were to prohibit guns, there would still be knives. If you were to prohibit knives, there would still be stones. You could confiscate all the objects known to humankind, but you could still not eradicate the hatred in people’s minds. I am defending the use of plastic bags in the same way I am also in favour of technological advance. We advocate environmentalism, not regression to a primitive society. Lichen
1、白色污染随处可见
2、耕地面积逐年减少
3、土壤污染严重
4、干旱洪涝越来越多
1. White pollution is everywhere.
2. The amount of farmland is shrinking.
3. The soil suffers serious pollution.
4. The frequency of droughts and flooding is on the rise.
农民并非不能觉察到现行的杀鸡取卵式生产方式是不科学的,他们有天然的直觉来判断生产方式的优劣。然而,他们耕种的土地并没有多少保障,屡见不鲜的非法征地事件和中央政策在基层的扭曲。要是这片土地明年就说不定不属于你了,那么谁还会去选用有长远收益的生产方式呢?
Peasants are not unconscious at all of the current unscientific production means of killing the goose that lays the golden eggs.
By instinct, they could judge any production means.
But they cannot ensure the ownership of farmlands. Unlawful expropriation of farmlands and local distortion of polices made by the Central Government are commonplace in China.
If you know you will lose your farmlands next year, do you think you will choose a production mean with a long-term yield.
白色污染在我们周围越来越普遍 ,我觉得应该尽快研制出可以快速降解的塑料袋及一次性饭盒才是可行之道,以目前情况,靠禁止是绝对不行的!
White pollution is more and more common around us. I believe we can only resolve the issue with better R&D, developing plastic bags and disposable lunch boxes that are degradable within a short period of time. Given the status quo, to simply abandon plastics is a way that'll never work!
既然存在就有其存在的道理,禁止是不行的,但也不能无节制,尽快的是找到解决的问题。
Things happen for a reason. Prohibition doesn't work, and the absence of controls don't work either. The shortcut is first to identify the issues to resolve.
从1980年前老鼠药开始滥卖到约2003年政府的对此的治理和有力打击,使卖鼠药者不敢在街市上公开设摊,进而转入地下,到现在基本看不到卖鼠药的了。可见,政治、法治是何等有效。
现在要治理白色污染,光靠宣传于百姓不行,靠自觉更不行,自觉性的養成需要很长时间,等到大多数中国人自觉了,造成的损失已无法挽回。只有决策者认识到白色污染的久远、严重的危害性,立法治理白色污染,象禁售毒鼠药那样禁售白色垃圾,白色污染就能停止。
报纸杂志上说的白色污染的危害有二。
一、 视觉污染。
二、 潜在危害。
我认为主要是破坏生态环境。塑料蒙盖的地表,草木不能生长。我村有块洼地,常年积水,夏天的夜间能听到蛙鸣。近年来,水面遮满了包装塑料和塑料袋,阻断了水和空气的接触,水下生物窒息而死,夏夜已听不到青蛙的叫声。如果中国大陆上消灭了象青蛙一类的生物,这多么可惜。
中国的大片耕地上,使用地膜复盖法种庄稼。每年约有50万吨农膜残留在耕地里,这是最大的白色污染。长此以往,将导致我们赖以生存的土地报废。这样种地,比杀鸡取蛋的做法还差。
Before 1980, rat poison was sold illegally; now it's hard to see those who are selling it--in 2003 government took this seriously and took some measures to fight against those dealers, and the sellers stopped selling poison in the open air, the industry became an underground industry. So, we can see how the manipulation by politics and law is so effective. Now to deal with white pollution, it's not enough to depend solely on education among people and, even worse, on self-scrutiny--the development of self-scrutiny needs a long time and it would be too late to cover the losses by the time that most chinese are more aware. Only if the policy-makers realize the damage of white pollution can we stop it. There are two kinds of damage from white pollution: visual one and potential one. I deem the main damage is the deterioration of the environment. Plastics can stop the growth of grasses and trees. In my village, there is shallow land covered by water all year around; we can hear the croaking of frogs in summer night. Nowadays, the water has been covered by plastics, cutting the water from air, so the living things under water has died from suffocation, and we can no longer hear the croaking of frogs during summer nights. If such creatures like frogs would be wiped out from China's vast land, that would be a great pity.In China, we use the earth membranes to grow grains, as a result there are about 0.5 million tons agricultural membranes left over on the earth, which is the greatest white pollution. Times flies and we would finally lose our land on which we depend. To grow grains like this has no differences with the deeds like killing the hens for eggs.
您好 蒋先生!
我看过您的文章“中国需高度警惕耕地白色污染”,钦佩您为国为民的行为。我有一项技术,名:农作物地衣种植法,可解您的心中之忧。使用塑料作地衣覆盖地表种庄稼,增产效果与地膜覆盖相同。地衣可完整无缺地回收,在作物成熟前后回收,可多次使用,最终还可卖废塑料,不污染耕地,又能减少投资。Diana Zeng(MSN:qdkiwi@hotmail.com)所说的魔方,也远不如它。魔方再好,农民也得年年买地膜,全国也得年年把几十万吨塑料埋入土中。我们在2005年就拿到了专利受理书,但两年多了未得到批准。至使这项技术不能推广应用,至使我国的农民每年要把50万吨塑料埋入土中,不仅浪费了宝贵的资源,更严重的是污染了土地。我希望“农作物地衣种植法”能引起您的关注,希望得到众多有识之士的支持。 zhangftacz (zhangftacz@163.com)
Dear Mr. Jiang,
I've read your article “A sea of plastic” and I strongly admire your thoughts for the country and the land.
I suggest a new technique, namely “the lichen method”, which can put an end to the white pollution of arable land.
I can explain the main issue: the use of plastic makes lichen cover the surface of crops and seeds, the resulting effects of the plastic membrane is the same.
Lichen can complete the recycling process, the ripe lichen can recycle the crops from the beginning to the end, and can do it many times. It is eventually possible to sell the plastic waste, so there's no land pollution and it's possible to reduce the cost.
The magic substance cited by Diana Zeng (MSN:qdkiwi@hotmail.com) is also inferior.
The magic substance is good, but every year the peasants have to buy the plastic membrane and the whole country has to embed hundreds of thousands of tons of plastic into the land.
In 2005 we had the patent to process books, but after two years it has not yet been approved. This is why technology will not achieve popularity and why the peasants of our land have to embed five hundred thousand tons of plastic into the land, not only wasting important natural resources, but above all polluting the soil. I hope the “lichen method” draws attention and increases support. zhangftacz (zhangftacz@163.com)
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