我认为中国政府必须考虑到大坝工程可能带来的有利和有害的影响.他们也必须作出合理的行动。我支持他们。

I think the Chinese government must have considered the advantages and disadvantages that the dam projects may come into being. And their action must be reasonable. I stand with them.

Andrew Mertha的新著<中国的水战士-公民行动和政策上的改变>(康奈尔大学出版社,2008年三月)在资源管理(特别是水资源)上提供了几个新颖而有趣的观点,详尽地描述了参与大坝建设的各种各样的和常常相互冲突的层层政府机构。

在新闻发布上,Mertha称由于中国的市场机制的发展,权利分散和政治观点的不一致性,水资源控制和管理从一个不容置疑的经济迫切需要转变为官僚内斗,社会反对和公开抗议影响的减缓器。虽然谈判在当前中国政治中是一直存在的，但最近媒体，非政府组织及其他积极分子已在政治决策中逐渐扮演重要角色。"

我已简略地阅读了这本书,并与此Andrew于一周前进行了交谈。他明确表示，有关在中国河流上筑坝的决策过程已经变得更加复杂，由上而下的过程越来越少;其实，恰恰是对大坝建设有兴趣的当地干部在管理水资源，而不是中央政府。但是，不管是哪一级领导的权威，在"多元化的中国政策制定的（新）的情况下，责任会由更多的人来承担。顺便提一句,在mertha的书中有一章谈及怒江水电计划。

托马斯哈恩/康奈尔

Andrew Mertha's new book "China's Water Warriors - Citizen Action and Policy Change" (Cornell University Press, March 2008) provides new and interesting perspectives on resource management (specifically: water), mapping in great detail the various and oftentimes conflicting layers of government agencies involved in dam construction. From the press release: "[Mertha] argues that as China has become increasingly market driven, decentralized, and politically heterogeneous, the control and management of water has transformed from an unquestioned economic imperative to a lightning rod of bureaucratic infighting, societal opposition, and open protest. Although bargaining has always been present in Chinese politics, more recently the media, nongovernmental organizations, and other activists--actors hitherto denied a seat at the table--have emerged as serious players in the policy-making process."
I have read through the book briefly and had a chat with Andrew a week ago where he stated clearly that the decision making process in respect to damming China's rivers has become much more complex, and much less top-down; in fact it is very often local cadres who are interested in using dam construction as a way to manage water, and not Beijing. But no matter what level of authority, under these (new) circumstances the "pluralization of the Chinese policy process" places a higher degree of responsibility on more shoulders.

One chapter in Mertha's book, btw, deals with the Nu River hydropower plans.

Thomas H. Hahn/Cornell

亲爱的读者，对于水电气象学，生态学和文化来说，怒江／萨尔温江流域是遥远并且壮观的一个地方。并且，它还是我2005年的硕士论文主题。如果你对此有兴趣，请访问相关网站http://www.salween.unibe.ch

至此问候

克里斯

Dear Everyone,
The Nu / Salween River basin is very remote and spectacular place on earth as to hydro-meteorology, ecology and culture. It was topic of my MSc thesis in 2005. If you are interested, visit the corresponding website on http://www.salween.unibe.ch Regards, Chris

很高兴看到大家对我文章的评论。我同意Thomas H. Kahn（和Andy Andy Mertha）的观点，就是中国水电项目的管理由上而下的决策过程比10年前要少。但政府官员在怒江州希望建设水坝主要是因为他们的政府收入将增加27倍，而不是因为他们是高瞻远瞩的水资源管理者。
虽然一些环保组织，新闻工作者和学者一直对这项计划持反对意见，但我并不同意把怒江的情况刻画成"草根的胜利".因为在怒江流域公开反对水坝建设将会面临处罚，而且他们中很多人也并不想反对。这跟虎跳峡的情况是很不一样的。我的博士论文"中国筑坝的大峡谷：怒江流域非民主化中的多元化"在这点上有更多的讨论。在这里与每个人的对话与交流都是很开心的。谢谢！ -Kristen

It is great to see everyone's comments on my article. I agree with Thomas H. Kahn (and Andy Mertha) that hydropower politics in China are much less top down than 10 years ago. But leaders in the Nu Prefecture want the dams mostly because they will see a 27 fold increase in government revenue if they are built, not because they are visionary water managers. And though there has been opposition to this project among concerned environmental organizations, journalists, and academics, I disagree with characterizations of the Nu River situation as a "grassroots victory." No one in the Nu River valley can openly argue against the dams without facing punishment, nor would many of them want to. It is very different than the Tiger Leaping Gorge case. My dissertation "Damming China's Grand Canyon: Pluralization without Democratization in the Nu River Valley" goes more into this. Again, wonderful to dialogue with everyone. Thanks! - Kristen

中国自上而下的行政指令正在减少,这很令人振奋.然而,绝大部分中国人和他们的政府一样,更关注经济的繁荣而不是环境保护.决定开发水电的根本因素是当下或者近期能否带来最大的经济效益.我希望中国能够更多的考虑到环境问题.许多中国人会从发展水电受益.由于发展水电,许多贫瘠地区的居民可以维持生计,但有官员考虑过无节制发展的后果吗?在不久的将来,中国神圣的天然江河系统将会消失,永久的消失.这些江河有很高的保护价值,但只有在中国的经济发展放缓或平稳之后才会被认识到. -Chad

Its great that China is becoming less top-down; however, the majority of Chinese people, along with the government, care much more for economic prosperity than the environment. Whatever brings the most money now or in the near future will be the ultimate decision for hydropower. I would like it if China would think more about the environment. Developments in hydropower is great for many people in China. Many of the arid regions can sustain life only because of hydropower, but have any China officials thought about the effects of unchecked development. Soon all of China's sacred and natural river systems will be gone; forever. These rivers have a high value that wont be appreciated until China's steady economic growth slows or flat-lines.

- Chad