Debate: is economic recession good for the environment?
Maryann Bird
April 10, 2008
Should we dread the possibility of a global economic slide – or heave a sigh of relief? Maryann Bird kicks off a new debate on chinadialogue.
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经济衰退并不是环境的福音
首先经济的发展有史以来都是以掠夺资源为代价的 从而加速了环境的恶化 。急剧增长的发展速度在近期又使得环境资源供给不足 从而出现衰退的现象 它正好揭示出我们的环境所遭受的灾难。
其次衰退并非预示会停止资源开发和环境破坏,反而以挣扎的力量吸取环境营养,直至出现文明的倒退。
Economic recession is not good news for the environment. At first, economic development was achieved by plundering resources at the cost of the environment. Rapid development then occurred at a rate at which the environment could not keep up, which has led to both the current recession and our environmental crisis. But a recession does not mean resource-exploitation or ecological destruction will stop, it will still have an impact on the environment and will produce a civilisational recession.
经济衰退的问题是最贫穷的人很可能最能受到它的影响。很明显的是从比例的角度来讲,穷人是造成环境问题的最小的因素。
The problem with a recession is that the poorest are most likely to feel the effects. Of course poor people contribute proportionately less to environmental problems.
这个人口和面积都异常巨大的国家,经济仍在继续快速增长。
With a massive population and land mass, this country's economy is still growing rapidly.
也许关键问题是哪里的经济衰退。 过去的二十年助长了经济增长是无限的并且有利无弊的观点。那些越是富裕的人旅游的越多,越会去买更大的汽车和房子以及更多无用的东西。在一个把经济增长当作首要任务的社会,人们的地位是由其消费多少决定的。所以,我认为,我们应该有一次经济衰退,至少在世界富裕的地区应该有一次。也许这样会给我们机会考虑生命中什么才是最重要的。
汤姆
Perhaps the issue is whose recession? Thelast two decades have encouraged the idea that growth is infinite and always a good thing. People who feel more affluent travel more, buy bigger cars and houses and more unnecessary goods. In a society that counts growth as its main purpose, status comes from material competition. So I say, yes, let's have a recession, at least in the affluent parts of the world. It might give us a chance to think about what matters in life
Tom
衰退中的经济可能会不情愿把钱投入到昂贵的、新型可持续技术上,而是依赖旧的、廉价的煤技术获取能源。同样的情况也出现在食品产业中。谁在经济低潮中能够岿然不动?麦当劳,因为他们出售的食品便宜。
Economies in recession might be reluctant to spend money on expensive, new sustainable technologies and instead rely on old, cheap coal technology for energy.
The same for food consumption. Who does well in a down economy? McDonald's, because their food is cheap.
在发展到一定阶段的时候,我们不得不停下来努力思考一下,是否经济增长等同于社会进步,以及我们到底想从中得到什么。我们目前的系统能够持续不断发展吗?我们如何定义“进步”?虽然经济保持增长,人们享受着繁荣和物质文明,我们西方人却显得并不快乐。究竟积累多少财富才能满足人类的欲望?我们需要时不时敲响警钟,提醒我们为自身的消费习惯付出的代价,以及全球经济高速增长的后果。
Somewhere along the line, we have to think long and hard about whether economic growth and progress should be equated, and what, exactly we want out of it all. Can the system really just keep growing? How do we define "progress"? With all this growth, with all our prosperity and material goods, we in the West don't seem very happy. How much is enough? We need a wake-up call from time to time, reminding us of the cost of our consumption habits and of the consequences of exponential growth for the planet. -- Matthew
请看看那些保留着最原始的环境和雨林的国家吧,缅甸和民主刚果共和国。在那里,政治因素已经抑制了经济的发展。人和自然正在前所未有的广泛范围内对立着,而结果却是人永远胜利,自然节节溃败。所有那些以妥协于快速经济发展为前提的看似和谐的环保论调都是伪绿色的宣传,用恐吓的命令来欺骗大众。唯一的希望就是大范围的经济衰退,正如二十世纪中叶的经济衰退迫使欧洲的资源消费水平成为了世界所有国家头顶上的紧箍咒。这是比立法,或家庭、商业自愿行为强大得多的一股力量。然而,这种程度的衰退是无法想像的,只有核战争或气候突变才能使得经济水平骤降。最终只有气候变化自身才能带来负面的经济压力,从而降低二氧化碳的排放量。
Look at the countries with the most pristine environments and rainforest - Burma, the Democratic Republic of Congo - where political factors have held back rapid economic growth. Man and nature are now pitted against each other on the most dramatic scale ever conceived, with man eternally the victor and nature the loser. All the comfortable talk of protection of nature being reconcilable with rapid economic growth is pseudo-green propaganda to deceive the masses of a terrifying order. Massive economic recession that forces mid-twentieth century European resource consumption levels as a cap on all countries of the world is the only hope. This would be a far more powerful force than legislation or voluntary activities by households or businesses. However, recession on this scale is unthinkable and could only be precipitated by nuclear war or climate change itself. Ultimately only climate change itself will bring about the negative economic pressures that will reduce carbon emissions.
至少价格上涨带来影响有两个方面:
1. 消费者对投入-产出会更加在意。如果某些环保产品,比如节能灯,能够抓住机遇搞好买点的推销,尤其是突出那些能省钱的特质,想必能够取得更好效果。
2.行业竞争加大。如果此时能推动政府改变政策,提高能效和原材料加工效率、提高回收利用率的话,无疑对整个产业有强烈的导向作用。
NGO们应该广泛同工业和政府开展合作。抓住这个机遇。
当然,对于那些指望short money来挣钱的经济模式,好的方法是游走于上述的主流之间,哈哈
mlc
The impacts of price rises are as follows: Firstly, consumers will pay more attention to the cost-effectiveness of their spending. Producers of environmental protection products, such as energy saving lights, can highlight the money-saving merit of their products to appeal to potential consumers. Secondly, competition will intensify. The government can introduce policies to encourage enterprises to increase energy efficiency and the processing rate and recovery utilization rate of raw materials. NGOs should conduct broad cooperation with industrial partners and the government. For businesses setting their eye on quick money, they will continue drifting afield from the above mentioned frameworks. - mlc
经济衰退了, 用来破外环境的开发少了,能够投入治理环境的钱也少了; 穷人和普通人要经受更多磨难。贸易保护主义、狭隘的种族主义可能抬头;
但现在主要是美国经济衰退,总的来说是个还是有助于环境的 -- 它使世界趋于平衡; 更主要的是, 美国全体-- 穷人、富人的生活方式都太浪费,且没有意识到。 此次衰退,也许能彻底改变美国人的生活方式。
人都是有弱点的、短视的, 不可能通过教育、宣传来是整个美国社会改变浪费的生活方式。 只能通过大自然和经济大环境之手。
Ryan
Recession puts a lid on both environmentally destructive development and investment into environmental protection. The poor and the general public will mostly suffer more than their wealthy counterparts. Protectionism and racism might raise their ugly heads. All things considered, the recession in America is good news for environmental conservation as it redresses the balance between developing and developed worlds. Most important of all, Americans as a whole are living an outrageously luxurious lifestyle. The current slump might change this once and for all. Only Mother Nature can force them to change their unsustainable way of living. Ryan
环境与经济之间的关系不是简单的线性相关。就气候变化而言,它随工业化的发展而演进。经济衰退会减少对新技术及替代性资源的研发。实际上,其他环境问题,如生态系统和生物多样性的消失更为触目惊心和紧迫,它们与经济并不关联。因此,不同的问题需要用不同的方式对待。 -Sean
The relationship between environment and economy is not a linear correlation.In the case of climate change,the issue is growing with the development of industrialization.The depression economy would lead to reduce the R&D of new technology and renewed resource which might replace the current one.Actually,for other environmental problems,the loss of ecosystems or biodiversity are much more visible and urgent without exactly being linked to economy. Hence, different issues should be dealt with by different means.-Sean
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