我忍不住想斯特恩的报告并没有说到本质。资本主义真的可以和保护环境保持和谐吗？

I can't helping thinking that Stern doesn't go far enough. Is capitalism really compatible with protecting the environment?

也许这个问题应该是：资本主义本身能够和保护环境和谐吗？ 对我来说，经济讨论也许能够很好地得到资助，但是如果没有一个相关的经历充沛的道德讨论，我们永远也不可能得到个人和政府关于环境变化的承诺。

Maybe the question should be - is capitalism _alone_ compatible with protecting the environment? It seems to me that the economic arguments may well be well-founded, but without a correspondingly robust moral argument - we'll never get the personal and governmental commitments we need to really act on climate change.

尽管斯特恩报告已经清楚地指出不采取行动将会付出的沉重代价，但恐怕英国政府将方案付诸行动不说好几十年，只好也得等上好几年。计划之一就是将碳贸易延伸到个人，但是我最近访谈到的这一方案发展实施方面的两个主要负责人都表示实施这一方案还需要多方面的研究。我被告知这是一种媒体辞令策略。这项计划的完全实施估计还需要五年。其中有一个非常重要的问题在报告中没有被提及，就是关于碳排放限额卡的安全管理问题。我相信还有两个至关重要的领域在与中国的携手合作下我们可以做出迅速提高。第一个是减少能源浪费；我们已经不再生活在使用廉价能源的时代了，但是旧的浪费习惯还很难改变，尤其是英国商业和政府造成的浪费。广告和店铺招牌不分昼夜地亮着，公共建筑过多的照明设备，大型办公楼彻夜照明以便清洁工工作，而且清洁工也不能随意开关灯，还有无数的店铺橱窗都是彻夜灯火辉煌。再加上上百万的交通灯，依旧使用白炽灯泡。而中国工业生产已经换上了特制的发光二极管系统，至少有一家核电站被关闭。每一家商铺，每一个家庭做出的每一个小小改变都将会积少成多，引起减少排放的巨大改变。但是还有一个问题就是，中国多项大型的和不断扩大的荧光灯及二级发光管生产合同却并没有英国的影子。这么说英国并没有打算换上节省能量的照明设备。第二个方面是可更新能源和提高能源效率的研究；目前的研究主要是受到竞争的驱使和强有力的游说的结果。美国和欧洲越来越多的国家支持玉米燃料乙醇，但是强有力的科学证据证明了这是一个错误的生物燃料发展方向。竞争是一个寻求新发明的好办法，但却不能成为气候变化所需要的全球合作的动力。有价值的发明没能获得游说联合会的支持，新科技被忽略。我们需要对我们整个生活和商业方式做出行为性的改变。--- Roy Tindle （Roy是一名能源研究员，公司顾问，英国工党智囊团成员，英国游说联合会Aldersgate Group成员）

The Stern Review points very clearly to the cost of inaction but I fear that we will continue to see the UK Government propose actions that will take years, if not decades, to put into action.

One of the first suggestions is the extension of carbon trading to the level of the individual citizen but when I recently talked to two of the leaders in the field of developing this scheme they confessed to many areas of research that are yet needed. I was told that this is a medium term policy: I see another 5 years before implementation. The very significant factor of carbon card security wasn’t mentioned in the discussion!

I believe that there are two significant areas where we could make immediate progress, both with Chinese cooperation. The first is stopping energy waste. We are living just beyond the era of cheap energy and the old wasteful habits die hard. I point specifically to the energy wasted by UK business and government. Adverts and shop signs that continue to be lit in bright daylight, excessive lighting in public buildings, large office buildings that are lit throughout the evening for cleaners who, apparently, are not able to turn lights on and off again and the countless shop displays that are illuminated throughout the night. Add traffic lights, tens of millions of them, which still use incandescent bulbs. Chinese industry can replace with custom LED units and at least one power station could be turned off.

Change can be made incrementally, each small change aggregating business on business, home on home to produce a very significant cut in emissions.

There is one problem, however, most of the large and increasing range of compact fluorescent lamps and LEDs that are being produced in China do not reach the UK. So replacement doesn’t happen.

The second aspect is that of research in renewable energy and, of equal importance, energy efficiency. Currently such is research is mainly driven by competition and supported by powerful lobbies. In the USA and to a growing extent in Europe, increasing claims are being made for corn ethanol but there is very strong scientific evidence that this is the wrong biofuel route. Competition is good to fine tune invention but a problems of the scale of climate change requires international cooperation as the driver. Worthwhile inventions cannot find support against existing lobbies and new techniques are overlooked.

We need behavioural change that takes in the entirety of our lives and of the way in which we do business.

Roy Tindle.

Roy is an energy researcher, adviser to Compass, a UK Labour think tank, and a member of the Aldersgate Group.

这个报告提到了清洁发展机制和碳排放贸易体制。这些机制真的正在解决气候变化的问题么？他们难道没有助长污染的作用么？

In the report it mentioned CDM and emissions trading. are these systems really working on tackling on climate change? don't they even create incentives to pollute?