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中国与世界,环境危机大家谈 WHERE CHINA AND THE WORLD DISCUSS THE ENVIRONMENT

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上次 Last post: 04 Jan 17:00
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洁净煤——这个承诺能否实现?

倪维斗在文章中谈到了“洁净煤发电技术”应用的可能性。但是多方阅读资料显示这项技术要大量投入使用需要3到5年,到2020年前将会“大量”投入使用。但是作者也在文章中承认短时间内安装脱硫项目并没有达到预期效果。为什么我们要相信“洁净煤技术”又能行得通呢?中国预计2007年将会修建500所电站。有多少会使用“洁净煤技术”发电呢?现在尚且没有把洁净煤技术和二氧化碳捕获技术结合起来进行商业操作——众所周知,这是非常复杂和昂贵的工艺。如果洁净煤技术真的那么有效,那么它就不得不和现存的电站进行竞争。中国科学院可持续发展研究中心就英国斯特恩报告所写的文件说:“人为维持低价和能源补贴以保护大型国有和不景气企业单位在竞争中受损。”政治力量也插手了煤能源,据了解许多当地政权和公司都拒绝为新能源技术做任何投资。这样的结果不仅危及全球气候,而且严重危及中国人的身体健康。例如,英国媒体站在中国媒体的报道说,中国山西省人民因为工业烟雾太浓影响生活而爆发不满。在该省环保局的调查中,超过90%的人表示经济增长也不能弥补如此骇人听闻的损失。中国青年日报报道,这次调查发现90%的市民和当地干部反对因为采取措施保护环境从而减缓经济发展。重庆早报报道,山西一名张姓矿主拥有3辆不同颜色的劳斯莱斯,以及为他全家成员准备的车队。评论家岳建国对山西这次民意调查下此评论:“普通人因为污染的空气和水而死亡,官员们却用矿泉水洗蔬菜,甚至洗脚,”与此同时,无论英国和世界人们做什么样的努力来改变气候变化都有可能会变成徒劳无功。卡尔•马克思死于肺病,这也许要部分地归功于伦敦糟糕的空气。 很遗憾马克思没有对促进工业革命发展和引起今天环境危机的——煤多加注意。

Clean Coal - Will the promise ever be realised?

Weidou Ni talks about technological possibilities for "clean coal power" but a close reading reveals that it will take 3 to 5 years to get a large scale pilot and by 2020 a "significant" number will be in use.

Yet he acknowledges that a rush to install sulfur removing technologies did not go well. Why should we believe that "clean coal technologies" will go well. China plans to build 500 power stations in the next few years. How many will be "clean coal". No where in the world is clean coal associated with carbon capture and seqestration actually up and running commercially - everyone knows that it will be very complicated and expensive.

If clean coal is become costs effective it will have to compete against existing power plants. Yet, according to the Research Centre for Sustainable Development at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in a paper they wrote for the UK Stern Review:

"Artificially kept low price and energy subsidies protect large state-owned and inefficient technologies from competition with advanced ones."

A political power block is built up around coal power and my reading is that many local political and economic bosses refuse to spend on new technologies and the result is not only a threat to global climate but an appalling threat to the health of Chinese citizens now.

For example I read in the UK media that Chinese media have reported a revolt among the citizens of Shanxi who are choking in the smoke. More than 90% of people surveyed by the
provincial bureau for environmental protection said economic growth cannot go on at such an appalling cost.

The same survey, reported by the China Youth Daily, found that 90% of mayors and local cadres opposed any moves to protect the environment that might slow the economy. Apparently one mine boss in Shanxi named Zhang
owns three Rolls-Royces of different colours plus a fleet of other luxury
cars for his extended family, according to the Chongqing Morning Post, a daily newspaper.

"While normal people die of polluted air and water, officials use mineral
water to wash their vegetables and even their feet," said Yue Jianguo, an
analyst, commenting on the Shanxi survey.

Meanwhile, whatever we do in the UK and the rest of the world to try to deal with climate change is in danger of becoming totally irrelevant.

Perhaps its worth remembering that Karl Marx died of a lung complaint which was probably in part caused by London's appalling air pollution- and had to flee the London fogs shortly before he died. It's a pity he didn't put his mind to the driver of the industrial revolution and today's crisis - coal.

可行性,不仅仅从科学上看

这里,首先我从一个普通人的角度上来说我赞同和支持上述的多联产系统的科学上的可行性。但是对于在实际情境下的运作我表示质疑。或许上层领导对于这种积极效果的大政方针是支持的,但是对于中国缺乏的是在具体层面执行力。这牵扯到很多问题,甚至我国的政绩考评制度——GDP。对于地方官员来说,GDP是加官进爵的法宝,经济搞上去了就可以忽略很多问题。这种从上而下的由来已久的想法也是导致很多社会问题的根源之一,比如社会分配的公正和公平性问题和经济发展中的腐败问题。如果要想从根本地转变现有的环境和发展状况,仅仅寄希望于科学技术是不可以和不可能的。如何要将这些有前景的计划实施并使从上到下每个人都有环境保护的可持续发展的观念时,我们离可持续的发展就不远了。有时候不是我们不想环保,是其他人都不环保,自己环保了就是吃亏。把这种先进的理念不仅仅作为政治上的口号,也不单单是媒体的焦点,而应当把这种思想转变为行动,进入每个人的生活中,这才是真正的可行性。

Achievability, not just from a scientific point of view

From the position of a commoner, I would support and agree with the feasibility of multi-generation technology. However, in light of present realities, I would like to express my reservations. Perhaps some individuals of the upper classes support the positive effects of the central government’s guidance. But what China is lacking, is the power to implement these guidances with the broader masses. Doing so would bring up a lot of problems, even in terms of China’s government evaluating system – the GDP. According to the local magistrates, GDP is helping officials to gain promotions. And as long as the economy carries on its ascent, many problems are allowed to be ignored. This ingrained top to bottom way of thinking is one source of the many problems within Chinese society. For example, the social divisions, social inequity, injustice, and corruption that accompanies economic development. To rely on technology alone to radically transform the present environmental and developmental situation, would be both impossible and inappropriate. If these far-sighted plans were actualised, in combination to a top down approach to make every person value environmental protection and support sustainable development; that would bring us to a point close to achieving sustainable development. Sometimes it is not the case that one simply does not care about the environment. But others do not seek to protect the environment, and standing against the grain, one would suffer losses compared to others. To make such an advanced idea more than merely a political buzzword, or simply a point for media focus, one ought to initiate a transformation of mentality, affecting every single person’s life. Only then it would bring about a truly achievable solution.


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