新书掠影 A quick glimpse at some new books
野生动物学家珍·古道尔集合了一组案例研究,探索各种濒危动物以及拯救他们免受灭绝的方式。以黑足釉、红狼、加州兀鹫为例,这几种动物先前在野外已几乎灭绝,人类通过圈养繁育计划将它们保护起来,然后再将之放归山林。
Field biologist Jane Goodall brings together a clutch of case studies to explore the different types of endangered species and the ways in which each has been rescued from extinction. The black-footed ferret, the red wolf and the California condor, for example, were saved by captive breeding programmes and reintroduced to the wild, where they had previously died out.
对于不懂中文却又想了解中国社会在气候变化问题上的努力的人,《绿色中国》将是一个窗口。哥本哈根气候谈判会议开幕前,英文报纸中国日报将其环境记者和专栏作家的46篇文章选编成书,以中文、英文两种形式在中国出版。
For those who don’t read Chinese but want to learn what Chinese society is doing on the climate-change issue, Evolution of Green China provides a window. This book is a bilingual collection of 46 articles by the English-language China Daily’s environmental journalists and columnists, collected before the opening of the Copenhagen talks in December 2009.
奥利·弗莫顿的书介绍的是“地球上最重要的过程”:光合作用。植物靠吸收太阳的能量来生长,吸取水中的氢和空气中的碳开出花朵,产生果实和种子。植物每天通过这一缕缕阳光所转化成的有机物质相当于全球库存核武器的能量。
Oliver Morton’s book is about “the most important process on the planet”: photosynthesis. Plants grow by “eating the sun”, trapping its energy and using hydrogen from water and carbon from air to produce flowers, fruit and seeds. The “scrap of sunlight” converted into organic matter by the world’s plants each day is equivalent to the energy in the global arsenal of nuclear weapons.
设想在遥远的未来,外星人造访地球。他们会不会发现什么线索,证明这里曾经有过智慧生物的繁荣?我们的城市、大坝、工厂会不会留下什么遗迹,能在1亿年后被探测出来?这是一项简单而有趣的思考实验,在某种程度上正是简•扎拉斯维奇(Jan Zalasiewicz)这本精巧的地质学图书所探究的问题。
Imagine alien visitors arriving on Earth in the remote future. What evidence may they find to tell them that intelligent beings once thrived here? What fragments of our cities, dams and factories may be detectable in, say, 100 million years’ time? It is a simple but intriguing thought experiment that is explored, to some effect, in this neat little geological entertainment by Jan Zalasiewicz.
资深心理分析学者杰弗里·穆赛耶夫·马森在《盘中生灵》一书中表示,我们之所以仍然在吃肉类或动物源性食品,唯一的原因就是拒绝面对现实。农业产生的环境影响和碳足迹,再加上水污染的威胁,是推动绝对素食主义最及时也最流行的论据。
Denial, argues psychoanalyst Jeffrey Moussaieff Masson in The Face on Your Plate, is the only possible reason we still eat meat or animal-derived products. The environmental impact and carbon footprint of farming, along with the risks of water contamination, are some of the timely and popular arguments put forward in favour of veganism.
本书主编之一汪永晨1996年在北京创办民间环保组织“绿家园志愿者”,“环境记者沙龙”作为该组织的项目,从2000年开始每月邀请相关专家,给媒体从业人员解读环境热点问题。此后,这个沙龙也成为中国环保NGOs联系媒体、给媒体提供环境信息的重要平台。《关注—环境记者沙龙讲堂》的27篇文章就是来自“环境记者沙龙”主讲人的演讲内容整理。
In 1996, Wang Yongchen, one of the editors of this book, formed Green Earth Volunteers, an environmental NGO in Beijing. In 2000, the group began holding Environmental Journalists Forums, inviting experts to explain green issues to news media workers. These forums became an important channel through which China’s environmental NGOs could communicate with the media, and the 27 articles in Focus: Environmental Journalists Forum are adapted from those lectures.
这是本一流的著作。鲁珀特•赖特对生态与政治、历史与艺术娓娓道来,对地球上最大的谜题之一进行阐释。水滋润万物、仁怀宽广,以其“流动的魅力”和恣肆的狂虐征服了无数文人墨客。赖特试图把握这种难以捉摸的物质,尽管这使他偶尔显得有点力不从心,但与他的热情和彻底的研究相比只是白璧微瑕。
In this superb book, Rupert Wright meanders through ecology and politics, antiquity and the arts, as he seeks to elucidate one of the earth’s greatest mysteries. Vivifying and benevolent, water captivates poets with its “slippery charms”, but also wreaks devastation. Wright’s attempts to grasp such an elusive substance occasionally throw him off course, but his enthusiasm and exhaustive research more than compensate.
2007年,国际观光旅游大约有9亿人次。到2020年,这一数字将几乎翻番,达到16亿人次。旅游业是一个规模达8万亿美元的产业,全球每10个雇员中就有一人从事旅游业。正如波莉·帕图洛在《道德旅行指南》的前言中所说,在全世界,“成群结队的享乐主义者”在追求宜人的海滩和四季的阳光,侵害了当地的传统和社区。
In 2007, there were some 900 million international tourist trips. By 2020, that figure will have nearly doubled to 1.6 billion. Tourism is a US$8-trillion industry employing one in 10 of the world’s workers. As Polly Pattullo says in the introduction to The Ethical Travel Guide, across the world “hordes of hedonists” have overrun local traditions and communities in their quest for idyllic beaches and perpetual sunshine.
《我国重大突发事件解析》详述了近年中国有较大影响的26起突发事件的起因、经过和经验教训。作者认为中国原有应对突发事件的体制,在社会转型时期突发事件增多的情况下,已经出现滞后。而2003年SARS疫情让中国对突发事件的重视程度大为提高。
This volume details the origins, course and lessons of 26 major incidents in recent Chinese history. The authors of An Analysis of Major Events in China hold that while the country’s emergency-response systems failed to keep up with social change and more frequent incidents, the 2003 epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) forced China to take the matter more seriously.
书名是《20亿辆汽车》,副标题的表述则相当乐观:“驶向可持续发展”,听起来有点儿像从采伐林木走向生物多样性。好吧,地球上已有10亿多辆汽车了,而且本书的两位作者——能源和交通专家丹尼尔•斯珀林和黛博拉•戈登预计,在几十年内,这一数字势必增加到20亿辆(主要由中国和印度推动)。
Or, as the subtitle rather optimistically puts it, Driving Towards Sustainability. Sounds a bit like tree-felling towards biodiversity. Well, there are already more than one billion cars on the planet, and these authors -- energy and transport mavens Daniel Sperling and Deborah Gordon -- see an inevitable rise (largely driven by China and India) to two billion in a few decades. How to minimise their impact on the climate?
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